Maintenance and upkeep of CNC machine tools
Published Time:
2020-02-13
Various CNC machine tools, due to their different functions, structures, and systems, each have different characteristics. Their maintenance and maintenance content and rules also have their own characteristics. Specifically, they should be based on the type, model, and actual use of the machine tool, and refer to the machine tool instructions to formulate and establish necessary regular and graded maintenance systems. The following are some common and general daily maintenance points. So what are the main contents of CNC machine tool maintenance? CNC system maintenance: 1) Strictly abide by the operating procedures and daily maintenance system 2) Try to open the CNC cabinet and high-voltage cabinet doors as little as possible In the air of the machining workshop, there is usually oil mist,
Various CNC machine tools have different characteristics due to their different functions, structures, and systems. Their maintenance and upkeep content and rules also have their own characteristics. Specific procedures should be established based on the machine tool type, model, and actual usage, and in accordance with the machine tool instruction manual, to establish a necessary regular and graded maintenance system. Below are some common and general daily maintenance and upkeep points. So what are the main maintenance and upkeep contents of CNC machine tools?
CNC System Maintenance:
1) Strictly adhere to operating procedures and daily maintenance regulations
2) Try to open the CNC cabinet and high-voltage cabinet doors as little as possible
In the air of machine processing workshops, there is generally oil mist, dust, and even metal powder. Once these land on the circuit boards or electronic components inside the CNC system, it is easy to cause a decrease in the insulation resistance between components, or even damage to components and circuit boards. Some users open the doors of the CNC cabinet in the summer to dissipate heat to allow the CNC system to work under overload for extended periods. This is an extremely undesirable method, and will ultimately lead to accelerated damage to the CNC system.
3) Regularly clean the heat dissipation and ventilation system of the CNC cabinet
Check whether all cooling fans on the CNC cabinet are working properly. Inspect the air duct filters for blockages every six months or every quarter. If too much dust accumulates on the filter screen and is not cleaned promptly, it will cause the temperature inside the CNC cabinet to become too high.
4) Regular maintenance of the input/output devices of the CNC system
Most CNC machine tools manufactured before the 1980s have photoelectric paper tape readers. If the tape reading section is contaminated, it will cause errors in the input information. Therefore, the photoelectric reader must be maintained according to regulations. Content of CNC machine tool maintenance and upkeep
5) Regular inspection and replacement of DC motor brushes
Excessive wear of DC motor brushes will affect the performance of the motor, and may even cause motor damage. Therefore, the motor brushes should be regularly inspected and replaced. CNC lathes, CNC milling machines, machining centers, etc., should be checked once a year.
6) Regularly replace storage batteries
Generally, a rechargeable battery maintenance circuit is set up for CMOS RAM storage devices in the CNC system to ensure that the contents of its storage can be maintained when the system is not powered. Under normal circumstances, even if it has not yet failed, it should be replaced once a year to ensure the normal operation of the system. Battery replacement should be performed with the CNC system powered on to prevent information loss in the RAM during replacement.
7) Maintenance of spare circuit boards
Spare printed circuit boards should be regularly installed into the CNC system and powered on for a period of time when not in use to prevent damage.
Mechanical Component Maintenance:
1) Maintenance of the main drive chain
Regularly adjust the tightness of the main spindle drive belt to prevent belt slippage from causing missed turns; check the constant-temperature oil tank for spindle lubrication, adjust the temperature range, and promptly replenish the oil, and clean the filter; after prolonged use of the tool clamping device in the spindle, a gap will occur, affecting tool clamping and requiring timely adjustment of the displacement of the hydraulic cylinder piston.
2) Maintenance of the ball screw thread pair
Regularly inspect and adjust the axial clearance of the screw thread pair to ensure reverse transmission accuracy and axial stiffness; regularly check the connection between the screw and the bed for looseness; replace damaged screw protection devices in time to prevent dust or chips from entering.
3) Maintenance of the tool magazine and tool changer
It is strictly forbidden to place overweight or oversized tools into the tool magazine to avoid dropping tools or collisions between tools and workpieces/fixtures when the robot changes tools; frequently check whether the zero position of the tool magazine is correct, check whether the main spindle tool change point position is in place, and adjust it promptly; when starting the machine, the tool magazine and mechanical hand should be allowed to run empty to check whether all parts are working normally, especially whether various travel switches and solenoid valves can function normally; check whether the tools are securely locked on the mechanical hand, and deal with any abnormalities promptly.
Hydraulic and Pneumatic System Maintenance:
Regularly clean or replace filters or filter screens for various lubrication, hydraulic, and pneumatic systems; regularly perform oil quality tests and change hydraulic oil for the hydraulic system; regularly drain water from the air filter of the pneumatic system;
Machine Tool Precision Maintenance:
Regularly check and correct the machine tool level and mechanical precision. There are soft and hard methods for correcting mechanical precision. The soft method mainly uses system parameter compensation, such as screw reverse clearance compensation, point-by-point compensation of coordinate positioning accuracy, and machine tool reference point position correction; the hard method is generally carried out during major machine tool overhauls, such as guiding rail scraping, pre-tightening adjustment of the ball screw nut pair reverse clearance, etc.
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