Current Situation and the 12th Five-Year Plan Development Trend of CNC Machine Tool Industry
Published Time:
2020-03-17
Today, machine tools have become an important symbol of a country's comprehensive competitiveness. Developed industrial countries attach great importance to the development of CNC machine tools, and compete to develop high-precision, high-efficiency, and highly automated high-end CNC machine tools to accelerate industrial and national economic development. Overview of the development of CNC machine tools worldwide From the perspective of output value. In 2010, the output value of 28 machine tool producing countries in the world is estimated to exceed 66 billion US dollars, a year-on-year increase of 21%. Among them, China, Japan, and Germany rank among the top three in global machine tool production, accounting for 32%, 18%, and 15% of the global market share respectively. Japan's machine tool industry, after experiencing 2009's
Today, machine tools have become an important symbol of a country's comprehensive competitiveness. Developed industrial countries attach great importance to the development of CNC machine tools, and are competing to develop high-precision, high-efficiency, and highly automated high-end CNC machine tools to accelerate industrial and national economic development.
Overview of Global CNC Machine Tool Development
From the perspective of output value. In 2010, the output value of 28 machine tool producing countries worldwide is estimated to have exceeded US\u002466 billion, a year-on-year increase of 21%. Among them, China, Japan, and Germany ranked among the top three global machine tool producers, accounting for 32%, 18%, and 15% of the global market share, respectively. After experiencing a severe recession in 2009, Japan's machine tool industry made a full recovery, regaining its position as the second largest machine tool producer. The output value of Germany's machine tool manufacturing industry continued to decline in 2010, but it still ranked third. The output value of the US machine tool manufacturing industry also continued to decline, falling to eighth globally, behind Italy, South Korea, Switzerland, and other countries.
From the perspective of the demand market. In 2010, the top 5 global machine tool consumers were China, Germany, Japan, South Korea, and Italy. Among them, South Korea and Japan both achieved double-digit growth year-on-year. There is a large difference in the per capita consumption of machine tools, with Switzerland still being the country with the highest per capita consumption of metal-processing machine tools in the world.
From the perspective of technological development level, the world's high-end CNC machine tool manufacturing industry is currently dominated by industrial powers such as the United States, Japan, and Germany, which possess the core technologies in this manufacturing field.
The United States has a solid foundation in the design, manufacturing, and CNC systems of CNC machine tools. Although the US started producing machine tools 50 years later than the UK, it quickly surpassed the UK in manufacturing technology and rose to the top of the world. US machine tools are mainly used in the automotive, aerospace, construction, and medical equipment manufacturing industries, with world-leading technology levels. Several well-known machine tool companies such as Cincinnati, G&L, Hardinge, Gleason, and Ingersoll have long produced high-precision, high-efficiency, and highly automated CNC machine tools to meet US market demand, producing not only high-performance CNC machine tools for aerospace applications but also affordable and practical CNC machine tools for small and medium-sized enterprises. Due to its leading technology and high-quality products, the United States has become a major exporter of high-end CNC machine tools globally, with its most important export markets being China, Mexico, and other countries and regions. In 2010, the United States exported a total of US\u0024933 million worth of CNC machine tools, a year-on-year increase of 40%.
The German government has always attached great importance to the development of the machinery industry, especially the machine tool industry. German CNC machine tools are known for their good quality and performance, advanced practicality, and are exported worldwide, especially large, heavy, and precision CNC machine tools, mainly exported to China, the United States, and Russia. In addition, Germany also emphasizes the advanced practicality of supporting components for CNC machine tools. Its various functional components such as machinery, electricity, hydraulics, pneumatics, optics, tooling, measurement, and CNC systems are among the world's leading in quality and performance. Germany has many world-renowned companies, such as Trumpf Group, the world's largest CNC sheet metal manufacturer; DMG Mori, which has a wide influence and world-leading technology in high-end CNC machine tools; and Siemens' CNC systems, which are world-famous. Starting from the end of 2009, benefiting from the strong pull from China, South Korea, and India, the German machine tool industry has quickly recovered.
For a long time, the Japanese government has continuously strengthened the research and development of CNC machine tools, and through planning and regulations, it has put forward the development direction of Japan's CNC machine tool industry and provided sufficient R\u0026D funds to encourage research institutions and enterprises to vigorously develop CNC machine tools. Japan has learned from Germany in terms of machine tool component support and from the United States in the development and research of CNC technology and CNC systems, improving and developing the achievements of both countries, achieving good results. In developing CNC machine tools, Japan has paid particular attention to developing key technologies and developing core products. The Japanese government has focused on supporting Fanuc Corporation in the development of CNC systems for CNC machine tools, and this company's CNC systems account for nearly half of the global market share; other manufacturers focus on R\u0026D of mechanical processing parts. Well-known manufacturers include Mazak, Amada, Okuma, and Mori Seiki. Due to the continuous increase in machine tool orders from Asia, Europe, and North America, Japan's external demand orders in 2010 reached 671.1 billion yen, a year-on-year increase of 170%; domestic demand orders were 307.5 billion yen, with a year-on-year increase of 92.6%.
In addition to the above three countries, Italy and Switzerland also rank among the world's leading high-end CNC machine tool industries. Among them, Italy's famous machine tool factories include Ficep, Fidia, JoBs, Mangoni, and MCM, with products widely used in the automotive, electronics, and machinery industries; Switzerland's small and medium-sized precision machine tools have long been unique in the world, with many high-precision lathes, grinders, gear machine tools, electro-machining machine tools, machining centers, small combination machine tools, and tool grinders of superior quality.
Current Status of China's CNC Machine Tool Industry Development
China's machine tool industry has gradually developed since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, and has now gone through 60 years of development. China's CNC machine tools have experienced rapid development in technology and output in the past 30 years and have been applied to various industrial users. Domestic products are also actively exported and have been showcased at the four major international machine tool exhibitions, achieving remarkable results.
During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, with the breakthroughs in a series of key technologies and the formation of independent production capabilities, China began to break through the encirclement of "foreign manufacturing" and entered the ranks of world producers of high-speed CNC machine tools and high-precision CNC machine tools.
From the perspective of output. In 2010, China's machine tool industry achieved a total industrial output value of 553.68 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 40.6%; the output of CNC machine tools reached 236,000 units, a year-on-year increase of 62.2%; in 2010, China's machine tool output value and CNC machine tool output both ranked first in the world. During the entire 11th Five-Year Plan period, driven by demand, China's CNC machine tool output maintained high-speed growth, with a compound annual growth rate of 37.4%. The growth data in 2010 means that the development of CNC machine tools has entered a new stage.
From the perspective of technological development level. With the completion of the key tasks of the "Major Project of High-end CNC Machine Tools and Basic Manufacturing Equipment," China's domestic machine tool CNC rate increased from 35.5% at the end of the 10th Five-Year Plan to 51.9% at the end of the 11th Five-Year Plan. China has developed multi-axis, multi-channel, bus-type high-end CNC devices. Units such as Wuhan Huazhong CNC Co., Ltd. and Shenyang High-Precision CNC Technology Co., Ltd. have completed the production of more than 50 sets of open, all-digital high-end CNC devices. Domestic CNC machine tool products cover ultra-heavy machine tools, high-precision machine tools, special processing machine tools, forging equipment, and cutting-edge high-tech machine tools. In particular, in the fields of five-axis linkage CNC machine tools, CNC ultra-heavy machine tools, vertical and horizontal machining centers, CNC lathes, and CNC gear processing machine tools, some technologies have reached the world's advanced level. The variety of domestically produced five-axis linkage CNC machine tools is increasing, and five-axis linkage machining centers, five-axis CNC milling machines, five-axis gantry milling machines, and five-axis floor-type milling and boring machines have all been successfully developed domestically, changing the monopoly of the international giants on the CNC machine tool industry and accelerating China's process of transforming from a large machine tool producer to a strong machine tool manufacturing country.
From the perspective of market demand, China is currently the world's largest importer and consumer of CNC machine tools. In 2010, China's machine tool consumption increased by 43% year-on-year, reaching US$28.48 billion, with imports totaling approximately US$9.4 billion, making China the world's largest consumer of machine tools. Although the machine tool industry achieved rapid development during the 11th Five-Year Plan period, the output value of high-end CNC machine tools only accounted for about 10-15% of the total output value of metalworking machine tools. In the face of a huge consumer market, the production capacity of domestic machine tool manufacturers is unable to meet the rapidly expanding market demand, and a large number of high-end CNC machine tools still need to be imported from abroad.
Although China's CNC machine tool manufacturing level has improved, the foreign trade situation remains worrying. On the one hand, the export unit price of CNC machine tools continues to decline, with significant declines in horizontal machining centers, gantry machining centers, CNC grinders, and CNC punching machines. In addition to the appreciation of the RMB, companies are competing to lower prices in the fierce international competition. On the other hand, the import share of high-end CNC machine tools has increased instead of decreased. In 2010, the import value of high-end machine tools accounted for 36% of China's total consumption of metal-cutting machine tools, with a year-on-year increase of 60%. Imported products have squeezed the survival space of domestic enterprises, and coupled with the threat of homogeneous competition among domestic products, the gross profit margin of high-end CNC machine tools for most domestic machine tool enterprises has declined.
Looking forward to the 12th Five-Year Plan period, the development of CNC machine tools in China will strive to solve problems such as the large but not strong host, the lagging development of CNC systems and functional components, the large gap in key technologies for high-end CNC machine tools, the instability of product quality, and the poor overall economic efficiency of the industry. It will raise core competitiveness, independent innovation, quantitative integration, and brand building to a strategic level to achieve the target of 800 billion yuan in total industrial output value. It will also strive to achieve the transformation from a large machine tool manufacturing country to a strong machine tool manufacturing country in 10-15 years and achieve the dominant position of domestic mid-to-high-end CNC machine tools in the domestic market, among other medium- and long-term goals.
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